“选择填空题”(单项选择题/单项填空题)是英语中考测试的必考题型之一。解答这类题目要想做到万无一失,取得理想成绩,就得了解其设题特点,熟练掌握解题技巧与方法。
一、试题设计特点
“选择填空题”之内容涉及语法、词汇、惯用法、句型、口语交流等诸多方面,题目比较灵活,覆盖面广,但多数题目都源于课本,即命题者多数以课本上的语言点为蓝本精心编制成考题。研究近一两年的各地中考试题,可以清楚地发现单项选择题一改过去只考查语法知识的传统,目前它的考查范围和命题方法有了一些明显的改变,分析起来主要有以下一些特点:
1题目重视语境的创设,答题时必须首先吃透语境,把握题干的全部信息,进行合理的推断,作深层的理解,并从词法、句法和惯用法以及习惯搭配等角度全方位考虑。例如:
(1)My English is very poor.I _______ maths _______ English.
A.prefer;to
B.like;than
C.learn;than
D.have;by
答案为A。前一句“我英语很差”,为后一句的比较提供了依据。
(2)—Please give me a _______ when you arrive in Beijing
—All right.I'll tell you everything when I get there.
A.newspaper
B.ticket
C.calling
D.ring
答案为D。如果不看后一句,四个答案都可以选择,但结合答语便可以推知是让对方打电话,give sb.a ring意为“ring sb.up, make a telephone call to sb.,give sb.a call”。
(3)—Can you speak English?
—Yes,but only _______ .
A.little
B.a little
C.few
Da few
答案为B。根据上下文,答语是肯定的,所以不用little,few。又因为English是不可数名词,所以也不能用a few。
2.强调在情景对话场合中考查语言知识,许多题目是由对话构成题干,使语言知识的考查更灵活、更生活化。例如:
—When shall we meet again?
—Make it _______ day you like,it's all the same to me.
A.one
B.another
C.some
D.any
答案为D。这里make it是用来约定时间,从下文“it's all the same to me”(这对我来说都一样)来看,只能选D.any(任何;任意)。
3题目命题时注重干扰和迷惑,通过各种手段考查综合运用语言的能力。例如:
(1)The schools in China are different from _______ .
A.America schools
B.that of America
C.America
D.those in America
答案为D。考查“比较级要在同类事物之间进行比较”和“替代”(the schools用those来替代),考生容易受汉语的习惯思维定势的影响误选C。题目的迷惑性很高。
(2)—What would you do _______ broken eggs?
—I would ask my parents to pay for them me.
A.about;to
B.for;to
C.like;to
D.with;for
答案为D。如果对do with用法不熟悉或受汉语的影响,前一空容易选取for,后一空可能受pay for them的影响,以为不可再用 for,而用to,这样便误选B了,本题答语的意思是“我会要我的父母来付款”。do with在教材中出现过多次,意为“处理;对付;处置”。例如:
—What has your mother done with the meat?
—She has just had it.Oh,by the way,I don't know what to do with this bike?
4.题目的综合性增强,同时考查两个或两个以上的知识点;有些题目设计了两个或两个以上的空格;有些题目虽然只有一个空格,但涉及多个考点。例如:
(1)I don't know if it _______ tomorrow.If it _______ ,I won't go.
A.will rain;rains
B.will rain;will rain
C.rains;rains
D.rains;will rain
答案为A。这里考查了if引导宾语从句和状语从句两种不同的用法。前面一句中的if引导的是宾语从句,由于主句的时态是现在时态,因此宾语从句根据需要用一般将来时,而后一句if引导的是条件状语从句,因主句是一般将来时,状语从句只能用一般现在时。
(2)There is _______ “h”, _______ “o”, _______ “u”and _______ “r”in the word“hour”.
A.a;an;a;an
B.an;an;a;a
C.a;a;an;an
D.an;an;a;an
答案为D。考查不定冠词用法的同时,也考查语音方面的元音和辅音的有关知识。
二、解题的技巧与方法
1排除法:在通读全题,弄清题意,确定所考查知识的前提下,采用此方法对选项逐个分析排除,最后得出最佳答案。例如:
There is _______ milk here,but there are quite _______ empty glasses.
A.little;a few
B.few,a few
C.little;a little
D.few,little
四个选项先分成两类:few,a few后接可数名词为一类:little,a little后接不可数名词为一类。milk是不可数名词,因此B和D项应先排除,只考虑A和C项,又因为glasses在此为可数名词,排除C项,所以本题应选A。
2比较法:利用所学的语法知识和词汇知识,仔细进行比较,最后得出正确答案。例如:
Can we _______ this magazine for two hours?
A.borrow B.lend C.keep D.lent
四个词都有“借”的意思,但是它们的用法却不同:borrow是把东西借进来,是短暂性动词,不可以和一段时间的状语连用;lend是把东西借出去,也是短暂性动词;keep是“借,保管”的意思,是延续性动词,可以和一段时间的时间状语连用;lent是lend的过去式。经过比较,根据题意,从而得出正确答案为C。
3逻辑推理法:有些题目的选项,从语法上分析不只一个对,有的甚至全对,但是句意不符合逻辑,所以要通过逻辑推理才能得出正确的答案。例如:
We are tired.Let's stop _______ and have a rest.
A.to working
B.work
C.to work
D.working
从语法角度看,C、D两项都对,但C项不符合本句的逻辑意思,所以正确答案应为D。
4固定结构判断法:有的单项选择题是考查同学们对固定搭配、固定结构和习惯用法的掌握情况,这类题目应排除汉语习惯用法的干扰,最终选出正确答案。例如:
The man hit _______ .
A.her face
B.her on her face
C.her in the face
D.her in her face.
答案为C。“打某人的什么部位”,英语中要用“hit sb.in(on)the+...”的结构。
总之,做题时,要采用适当方法,透彻理解句意,抓住关键,排除干扰,注意习惯用法,反复分析验证,就一定能取得理想的成绩。
下面请同学们根据上文所讲,做一做 2002年江苏省南通市中考英语试题的选择填空题:
1.—Who's the man _______ black?
—He's Mr.White.
A.in
B.with
C.for
D.of
2.Please _______ your exercise book here tomorrow morning.
A.bring
B.take
C.carry
D.move
3.They won't be back untilthe work _______ .
A.do
B.does
C.is done
D.will do
4.Jane's brother didn't work so _______ as the others did in his class.
A.harder
B.hard
C.hardest
D.hardly
5.Their new trousers on the shelf are better than _______ .
A.our
B.my
C.her
D.his
6.“It's never too late _______ ,”Mother said to me.
A.learn
B.to learn
C.learning
D.learn
7.Did he tell _______ at the school gate?
A.who he waited for
B.who he is waiting
C.who did he wait
D.who he was waiting
8.Not _______ woman can do that kind of work.
A.each
B.every
C.all
D.both
9.—Will you go fishing or skating if it is fine tomorrow?
— _______ .
A.Yes,I will
B.No,I won't
C.I will go skating
D.I think so
10.Excuse me,Mrs.Smith.Could you _______ my baby while I am away?
A.look up
B.look after
C.look like
D.look down
11.To make our hometown more beautiful,you _______ throw rubbish into the river.
A.needn't
B.mustn't
C.must
D.may
12.—Hello,Mr.Huang!
—I'm sorry, _______ I don't think I know you.
A.and
B.or
C.but
D.because
13.— _______ you _______ the film yet?
—Yes.I _______ it last Saturday.
A.Will...see;saw
B.Did...see;saw
C.Have...seen;have seen
D.Have...seen,saw
14.I hear Lily lives far from the school.She has lunch at school, _______ ?
A.is she
B.isn't she
C.hasn't she
D.doesn't she
15.—Hello,could I speak to Miss Fang,please?
— _______ I'll get her for you.
A.Hold on,please.
B.I'm Miss Fang.
C.Who are you?
D.She is at work.
Key: 1—5 A A C B D 6—10 B A B C B 11—15 B C D D A